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Microtia


Ear development begins in the womb and takes the final appearance when the child is five years old. However, with the effect of some genetic or other factors, it cannot complete ear development and therefore some anomalies occur. In children who cannot complete their development in the womb, the ear is not formed and this is called microtia.   
Microtia is the congenital missing or deformed outer ear structures (pin, nozzle, hole). It is usually unilateral and occurs at 8-10,000 births. It is very likely that hearing loss will occur as ear formation is not complete.
Microtia should not be performed immediately after birth and should be calm and patient.                        
It may appear in very different forms, but there are basically 3 types of microtia according to the degree of growth retardation.
  • In First degree, the shape of the ear is almost as close to normal as the general shape but remains small in size. In these patients, the ear canal is usually normal.
  • In second degree, there is a significant developmental delay and deformity in the upper part of the ear, but the ear subdivisions are close to normal. The ear canal is generally closed.
  • The third degree is the most common type and there is a small formation in the form of or peanut which is deformed cartilage tissue instead of an auricle. The ear canal is completely closed. The next situation is that the “anotia” means there is no ear. Microtia is usually 80% single-sided, but sometimes two sides can be involved.

Suitable Age for Microtia Surgery

Contrary to what is known for microtia surgeries, it is wrong to expect the child to grow well. In these operations, the age of the child is 5 years of age when cartilage development is complete. Both the child’s suitability for anesthesia and ear development should be completed.
It is very important for the psychological development of the child not to exceed 5 years old. Ear congestion should be done before school age in order to prevent the absence of congenital ear scoops in the child.

Treatment Methods for Microtia 

General or local anesthesia is applied according to the treatment. The ear may require 2 or 3 operations if done completely from the start.
There are 2 types of treatment to be done. The first is the transfer of cartilage from the rib to the ear.  Sometimes it can be used in artificial materials. An artificial ear is prepared which is the same as the other ear. They are placed in the ear just like dental implants. The physician will share the appropriate method with the patient for all the details.  
For congenital closed ear surgery, a specialist doctor should be present. Otherwise, various complications may occur.

After Microtia Surgery

  • In the first period after microtia surgery, there may be swelling around the ear. These swellings will pass over time.
  • It is recommended not to sleep on the ear for the first 2 weeks.
  • Soft pillows should be used after the surgery.
  • Depending on the healing process, it may take several months for the ear to take the exact shape.
  • Since a fully reconstructed ear requires more than one operation, operations should be continued until the ear is completely shaped. The psychology of a child who needs to be operated every three months can be adversely affected. In this process, parents should support their children and if necessary, they should receive psychological support from a specialist.
  • Preschool time is recommended for children who require more than one surgery. Otherwise, since the child will undergo surgery every three months, it affect the school and socialization may be adversely affected.
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